{"id":7534,"date":"2018-02-14T09:07:28","date_gmt":"2018-02-14T05:37:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hadidkaraniran.com\/?page_id=7534\/"},"modified":"2021-09-21T09:30:27","modified_gmt":"2021-09-21T05:00:27","slug":"metal-structure-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/diacostructure.com\/en\/metal-structure-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Metal Structure"},"content":{"rendered":"

Metal Structure<\/strong>\"\u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647<\/span><\/h2>\n

Metal constructions due to the possibility of assembling the skeleton, before install and perform simultaneously and without interruption of the skeleton, in comparison with other structures have a higher operation speed. Because of homogeneous beam, column and cross brace as the main members, the skeleton of metal structures has a more appropriate integrity than the other structures. And\u00a0also\u00a0for this reason,\u00a0to\u00a0the result of\u00a0constructional calculations has closer distance\u00a0to\u00a0the actual\u00a0resistance\u00a0of metal structures.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Metal\u00a0<\/strong>structures and application of\u00a0Nano-technology in it<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Metal\u00a0structures made via\u00a0Nano-technology\u00a0has\u00a0a unique\u00a0specifications,\u00a0this technology can be used in\u00a0many of\u00a0the processes of\u00a0manufacture and\u00a0design of steel structures to\u00a0be\u00a0used.\u00a0These\u00a0unique\u00a0specifications\u00a0are capable\u00a0to solve the current\u00a0problems\u00a0in the\u00a0building and\u00a0make changes in\u00a0the process of manufacture. The progress of science\u00a0in the field of\u00a0nano\u00a0metal particles and great achievements\u00a0in this field\u00a0improve the\u00a0characteristics of structural metals such as\u00a0steel.\u00a0To add\u00a0Nano-particles like copper, molybdenum and vanadium has been caused improvement of the mechanical properties\u00a0of steel and reduce the cost of manufacturing.\u00a0Creating of\u00a0nano-cables,\u00a0Nano-coverage such as titanium dioxide\u00a0and\u00a0the use of\u00a0Nano-technology\u00a0in\u00a0creating and production of bolts and nuts has made a huge\u00a0transformation\u00a0in the structures.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nanotechnology\u00a0and steel<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

One of the\u00a0the most important\u00a0building\u00a0material\u00a0is steel. Characteristics such as strength, resistance to\u00a0corrosion and\u00a0its welding\u00a0capability\u00a0in\u00a0the design and structure are\u00a0very important\u00a0[1].\u00a0These features\u00a0make\u00a0the role of\u00a0steel in\u00a0the structure industry very\u00a0important.<\/span><\/p>\n

Use\u00a0of steel\u00a0in\u00a0restructure\u00a0industry:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0In the building\u00a0of the\u00a0metal skeleton buildings\u00a0as column, cross brace and floor plate,\u00a0on buildings and\u00a0concrete structures\u00a0as\u00a0rebar<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0The bases\u00a0and\u00a0the floor of\u00a0the\u00a0bridges,\u00a0full\u00a0strength stretching\u00a0cables<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Pipes for water, gas and\u00a0oil<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0The internal\u00a0components of\u00a0the buildings\u00a0like\u00a0doors and Windows,\u00a0screws\u00a0and connectors<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013\u00a0Use\u00a0of facades<\/span><\/p>\n

Disadvantages of\u00a0steel:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fatigue and cracking, corrosion in the vicinity of cement, the consequential effects of welding, require higher resistance, higher elasticity, the need for greater resistance against scratching, removing metal surfaces contamination, etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Steel and\u00a0Nano-<\/strong>particles:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fatigue is a significant issue that can lead to the structural failure of steel subject to cyclic loading, such as in bridges or towers. This can happen at stresses significantly lower than the yield stress of the material and lead to a significant shortening of useful life of the structure. Stress risers are responsible for initiating cracks from which fatigue failure results and research has shown that the addition of copper Nano-particles reduces the surface unevenness of steel which then limits the number of stress risers and hence fatigue cracking. Advancements in this technology would lead to increased safety, less need for monitoring and more efficient materials use in structure prone to fatigue issues [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nano-technology and welding:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Welds and the Heat Affected Zone (HAZ) adjacent to welds can be brittle and fail without warning when subjected to sudden dynamic loading, and weld toughness is a significant issue especially in zones of high seismic activity. Weld and HAZ failures led to the re-evaluation of welded structural joints in the aftermath of the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the Los Angeles area and current design philosophies include selective weakening of structures to produce controlled deformation away from brittle welded joints or the deliberate over-sizing of structures to keep all stresses low. Research currently under way, however, has shown that the addition of Nano-particles of magnesium and calcium makes the HAZ grains finer (about 1\/5 the size of conventional material) in plate steel and this leads to an increase in weld toughness. This is sustainability as well as a safety issue, as an increase in toughness at welded joints would result in a smaller resource requirement because less material is required in order to keep stresses within allowable limits [2].<\/span><\/p>\n

Nano Coatings:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The coatings incorporating certain nano-particles or nano-layers have been developed for certain purpose. It is one of the major applications of nanotechnology in structure. For example, TiO2 will break down and disintegrate organic dirt through powerful catalytic reaction [2]. The photocatalytic function involves two processes simultaneously with different practices:<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Photochemical process in which energy is provided by radiation.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. A catalytic process that affects the reaction speed.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Nano Cables<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    High strength steel cables are used to build bridges, especially suspended bridges. Using strong cables reduces costs and time to build structures. Studies and researches in the field of the cementite phase correction (Fe3C) of steel in nano have led to the production of strong cables [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Nano and Bolts<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Tall metal structures require high-strength connections, that\u00a0this issue\u00a0in turn requires strong bolts and nuts. The value of\u00a0high\u00a0strength\u00a0of the bolts and nuts is usually achieved through quenching (cooling) and tempering (annealing).<\/span><\/p>\n

    These\u00a0products include martensite microstructure (hard structure steel) tempering. When\u00a0the tensile strength\u00a0of steel\u00a0includes tempered\u00a0martensite, became more than\u00a0MPa1200, even\u00a0the existence of\u00a0a small amount\u00a0of hydrogen makes border\u00a0of seeds getting\u00a0the brittle and\u00a0as a result,\u00a0lead to\u00a0the failure of steel materials in use.\u00a0This\u00a0phenomenon\u00a0is\u00a0known as the\u00a0failure due to\u00a0delay, prevents\u00a0an increase\u00a0in\u00a0strength\u00a0of metal\u00a0bolts.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Their highest strengths range is from 1000 to 1200 MPa. Researches on vanadium and molybdenum nanoparticles have shown that these materials can improve lag failure in bolts and nuts. In fact, the nanoparticles increase the strength of the bolts and nuts by reducing the hydrogen brittleness\u00a0and improvement of steel microstructure by decreasing the intergranular cementite phase [3].<\/span><\/p>\n

    Discussion and conclusion:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    The use of nanotechnology in structures such as bridges and towers has increased the mechanical properties of these structures. The use of copper nanoparticles in the manufacture of steel increases its strength and melting point. Also, these types of steels have more flexibility and shine. Steel containing copper nanoparticles has been used a lot in the structure of bridges, because this type of steel has a considerable corrosion resistance. It is worth mentioning that nanoparticles in steels cause an increase the proportion in strength-to-weight. The use of nano metals technology in structure has led to the production of lighter composites and more robust structure constructions. It also produces nano coatings that require less maintenance and repair. Adding nanoparticles like molybdenum and vanadium to steel bolts and nuts increases the strength of these equipments.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Metal structure\u00a0| High strength metal structure:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    The resistance of the metal parts is high and the resistance -to-weight ratio is higher than concrete aggregates, which is why in the openings of the industrial sheds and high-rise buildings, buildings that are loose in the land, are the great importance.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Metal structure | Uniform Properties of Metal Structures<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    Metal has been produced\u00a0in large\u00a0metal\u00a0factories\u00a0under the strict supervision, uniformity of its properties can be assured and unlike concrete, its properties are not affected by external factors, ensuring the uniformity of properties of materials is effective in choosing a small coefficient of reliability, which saves consumption of materials.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Resources:<\/span><\/h4>\n
      \n
    1. Zhi Ge, Zhili Gao \u201cApplications of nanotechnology and nano materials in construction\u201d Advancing and Integration Construction Education, Research & Practice, 2008, Karachi, Pakistan.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Saurav \u201cApplication of nanotechnology in building materials\u201d International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Vol. 2, Issue5, pp.1077-1082, (2012).<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. http:\/\/www.nanoforum.org<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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